Course Details

Subject {L-T-P / C} : MM6522 : Materials Engineering { 3-0-0 / 3}

Subject Nature : Theory

Coordinator : Prof. Ajit Behera

Syllabus

Course Description

UNIT-I: (Part-I)
Material Science and Engineering: General Materials Engineering: Crystal structure and properties.

UNIT-I : Smart Materials (Part-II)
Shape Memory Materials: Shape Memory Alloys (SMA), Historical Background of SMA, Shape memory effect, Superelasticity or Pseudoelasticity, Phase Transformation phenomenon in SMAs, Training and stability of SMA, Heating Methods of temperature induced SMA, Types of Shape Memory Alloys, One-way shape memory Alloys, Two-way shape memory, Different parameters of NiTi SMA, Effect of Thermo-Mechanical Treatments, Effects of Aging, Effect of Grain Size, Effect of Deviation from Equiatomic Stoichiometry, Effect of Additive elements, Effect of Precipitation, Potential Applications, Advantages of SMA materials, Shape memory Polymer, Thermo-stimulated SMP, Electric stimulated SMP, Light stimulated SMP, Magnetically stimulated SMP, Humid stimulated SMP, Shape memory effect of SMP, Basics of reinforcement in SMP, Application of SMP, Advantages and disadvantages of SMP, Shape Memory Ceramics, Types of Shape memory ceramics, Zirconia-based SMC, Lanthanum-Niobium oxide SMC, Advantage and Disadvantage of SMCs, Shape memory hybrids, Basic mechanism behind SHM, Responses in SMH

Piezoelectric Materials: History of piezoelectric, Piezoelectric effect, Direct Piezoelectric effect, Inverse piezoelectric effect, Mechanism and Working of Piezoelectric effect, Various piezoelectric constants, Piezoelectric charge constant, Piezoelectric Voltage Constant, Permittivity Constant, Elastic and Compliance, Electromechanical Coupling Factor, Young's Modulus, Dielectric Dissipation Factor, Piezoelectric Frequency Constant, Materials used for piezoelectricity, Ceramics Piezoelectric materials, Polymer Piezoelectric materials, Composite Piezoelectric materials, Single crystal Piezoelectric, Thin films Piezoelectric materials, Piezoelectric material Properties, Electric behavior, Dielectric behavior, Elasticity behavior, Electromechanical behavior, Coupling coefficient, Material damping, Mechanical loss, Sound velocity, Acoustic impedance, Two-port description, Piezoelectric material parameters (Temperature, Accuracy/Linearity, Resolution, Stiffness, Resonant Frequency, Mechanical amplification, Quality factor, Bandwidth, Frequency constant, Humidity, Load Ratings), Bulk ceramics: disks, rings, plates, Benders: unimorphs and bimorphs-actuators and sensors, Multilayer actuators, Thin films for piezoMEMS, Difference between piezoelectric and electrostrictive materials, Applications of piezoelectric devices, Advantages of Piezoelectric Materials, Limitations of Piezoelectric Materials

Magnetostrictive Materials: History of Magnetostrictive Materials, Mechanism of magnetostrictive effect, Magnetostrictive sensors construction and working, Electromagnetic Properties, Permittivity, Permeability, Magnetic Materials, Diamagnetic Material, Paramagnetic Material, Ferromagnetic Material, Anti-ferromagnetic Material, Curie temperature, Generation of Magnetic Fields, Hysteresis, Inductance, Magnetostrictive effects, Joul effect, Villari effect, ?E effect, Wiedemann Effect, Matteuci Effect, Barret Effect, Nagaoka-Honda Effect, Materials for Magnetostrictive effects, Fe-based Alloys , Ni-based Alloys, Terfenol-D, Metglass, Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys, Material Behaviour, Magnetic anisotropy, Mechanical behaviours, Kinetics in magnetostrictive operation, Potential applications, Advantages/disadvantages of MS Materials

Chromogenic Materials: History of chromogenic materials, Concept of Chromogenic Materials, Classification of Chromogenic Materials, Photochromic materials, Mechanism of photochromic materials, Materials used in photochromic materials, Limitations of photochromic glasses, Applications of photochromic materials, Thermochromic and Thermotropic materials, Mechanism in thermochromic materials, Materials Used in thermochromic materials, Limitations of thermochromic materials, Electrochromicmaterials, Mechanism of Electrochromic materials, Materials Used, Gasochromic materials, Mechanism of gaschromic materials, Applications of gaschromics, Mechanochromic/Piezochromicmaterials, Mechanism of mechanochromism in materials, Materials used, Chemochromic materials, Biochromic materials, Magnetochromic materials, Phosphorescent Materials
Ionochromic, Vapochromism, Radiochromism, Sorptiochromism, Aggregachromism, Chronochromism, Concentratochromism, Cryochromism

Unit-II: Smart Materials
Smart Fluid: Electro-rheological fluid, Materials used in ER fluid, Preparation of ER Fluids, Strengthening Mechanisms of smart fluid, Giant ER, Microstructure and Properties, Modes of ER Fluid, Applications, Advantages/disadvantages, Magneto-Rheological Fluid, Materials used in MR fluid, Preparation of MR fluid, Mechanism of strengthening of MR fluid, Microstructure and Properties of MR fluid, Typical modes of application of MR fluid, Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages of MR-Fluid, Ferro Fluid, Mechanism, Preparation of ferrofluid, Applications, Magnetorheological Elastomers
Materials used, Preparation of MRE, Electro-conjugate liquids, Photo rheological fluid, PR fluid Preparation

Self-Healing materials: Introduction and overview, History of self-healing materials, Types of self-healing processes, Autonomic self-repair materials, Nonautonomic self-repair materials, Materials used for self-healing purposes, Self-Healing in Metals, Precipitation from supersaturated solid solutions, Reinforcement of metallic matrices with shape memory alloy wires, Reinforcement of metallic matrices with low melting temperature alloy, Classification of Self-Healing Metals, Proposed Self-Healing Concepts in Metals, Mechanically Triggered Self-Healing, Ballistic impact self-healing, Thermally Triggered self-Healing, Optically Triggered Healing, Stages of passive self-healing in polymer, Damage and healing theories, Percolation theory of damage and healing, Fracture and healing by bond rupture and repair, Fracture and healing of an ideal rubber, Fracture and healing of thermosets, Healing of polymer–polymer interfaces, Fatigue healing, The hard-to-soft matter transition, Twinkling fractal theory of Tg, Healing below the glass transition temperature, Twinkling fractal theory of yield stress, Fracture mechanics of polymeric materials, Self-healing of thermoplastic materials, Healing by Molecular interdiffusion approach, Healing by Recombination of chain ends approach, Self-healing via reversible bond formation, Healing by Photo-induced approach, Living polymer approach, Self-healing by nanoparticles approach, Self-healing of thermoset materials, Hollow Glass Fibres Systems, Based on Microencapsulated Healing system, Based on Fatigue Cracks Retardation self-healing system, Three-Dimensional Microchannel Structure self-healing Systems, Inclusion of thermoplastic additives system, Thermally reversible crosslinked approach, Chain rearrangement approach, Metal-ion-mediated healing approach, Other approaches of thermoset self-healing approach, Self-Healing Coatings, Self-healing Hydrogels

Self-Cleaning Materials: History of self-cleaning materials, Classification of self-cleaning materials
Surface characteristics of self-cleaning materials, Wettability, Young's model of Wetting, Wenzel's model of Wetting, Cassie-Baxter's model of Wetting, Transition between Cassie and Wenzel States, Drag reduction, Surface Tension and Surface Energy, Surface roughness and air pockets, Act of Self-cleaning surfaces, Hydrophobic and Superhydrophobic Surfaces, History on hydrophobic materials, Direction of hydrophobicity from nature, Type of Superhydrophobic surface in plant leaves, Hydrophilic and Super-hydrophilic self-cleaning surfaces, Photocatalysis Self-Cleaning Materials, Materials used for synthesis of superhydrophobic surfaces, Modification of surface chemistry, Properties of superhydrophobic materials
Other terminology with Phobic and philic, Applications of Self-cleaning materials, Limitations of self-cleaning materials

Unit-III: Nano Engineering, Superalloys, Bulk Metallic Glass
Nano Engineering: History of Nanotechnology, Size effects, Properties of Nano Materials (Structure properties, Thermal properties, Mechanical properties, Chemical properties, Optical properties, Electrical properties, Magnetic properties), Classification on the basis of Dimension (Zero-dimension, One-Dimensional, Two-Dimensional, Three-Dimensional), Classification on the basis of composition, Carbon Based Materials, Graphene, Fullerene, Structure of fullerene, Synthesis of fullerene, Properties of fullerene, Carbon nanotubes, Synthesis of CNT, Classification of CNT, Properties of CNT, Application of CNT, Other form of Carbon-based Nanomaterials, Metal Based Nanomaterials, Synthesis of some metal-based nanomaterials, Polymer-based Nanomaterials, Synthesis of dendrimer, Applications, Nanocomposites, Metal Matrix Nanocomposites, Ceramic Matrix Nanocomposites, Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites, Synthesis of nanocomposite, Application of nanocomposite, Nanoporous materials, Synthesis of porous materials, Applications of Nano-porous Materials, Emerging application of Nanomaterials, Current problems/difficulties associated with Nanomaterials, Opportunities and challenges

Superalloys: History of superalloys, Basic metallurgy of superalloys, Strengthening mechanisms of superalloys, Solid solution strengthening, Precipitation strengthening, Oxide dispersion strengthening, Grain boundary strengthening, Anti-phase boundary strengthening, Types of superalloys, Ni-based superalloys, Phases of Ni-based superalloys, Properties of Ni-based superalloys, Co-based superalloys, Phases of Co-based superalloys, Fe-based superalloys, Phases of Fe-based superalloys, Single-crystal superalloys, Oxidation Effects, Hot Corrosion Effects, Coating for superalloy, Thermal barrier coatings, Pack cementation process, Bond coats, Auminides Bond Coats, Pt-Aluminides Bond Coats, MCrAlY bond coats, Applications of superalloys.

Bulk Metallic Glass (BMG): Introduction on BMG, History on BMG, Mechanism of BMG formation
Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of Glass Formation in Metallic Liquids, Empirical rules, BMG Structure, Dynamics of BMG structure formation, Plasticity or Brittleness, Classification of BMG, Metal-metal-type alloys, Metal-metalloid type alloys, Pd-metalloid-type alloys, Fundamental characteristics of BMG alloys, Mechanical Properties, Forming and jointing of BMG, Metallic glass Foam, Metallic glass coatings, Application, High Entropy Materials: High entropy alloys, Historical development of high entropy alloy, The key concept of multicomponent HE alloy, Thermodynamics of solid solution in HEA
Core effects of HEA, The high entropy effect, The lattice distortion effect, The sluggish diffusion effect, The ‘cocktail’ effect, Transformations in HEA, Phase selection approach in HEA, Strengthening mechanisms, Strain hardening, Grain-boundary hardening, Solid-solution hardening, Precipitation hardening, High-Entropy Superalloys, High-Entropy Bulk Metallic Glasses, Light materials HEAs
High-entropy flexible materials, High-Entropy Coatings, Typical Properties of HEA, Difference between BMG and HEA, Complex concentrated alloys and multi-principal element alloys, Application of HEA, High entropy ceramics, High entropy polymer, High entropy hybrid.

Unit-IV: Biomaterials, Ultrafine-Grained Materials, Ultra-light materials
Biomaterials: Introduction, History of Biomaterials, The Body Environment, Governing factors of biomaterials, Biocompatibility, Wettability, Porosity, Stability, Classification of Biomaterial, Metallic biomaterials, Materials in Metallic Biomaterials, Advantages/disadvantages of metallic biomaterials, Ceramics biomaterials, Materials in Ceramic Biomaterials, Advantages and disadvantages of ceramic biomaterials, Polymeric biomaterials, Materials in Polymeric Biomaterials, Advantages and disadvantage of polymeric biomaterials, Biocomposite, Advantages and disadvantages of Composite Biomaterials, Biologically derived biomaterials,

Ultrafine-Grained Materials: What is Ultrafine-Grained Materials, Historical background to UFG metals, Concept on Ultrafine-Grained Materials, Methods for producing UFG materials, Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), High-pressure torsion (HPT), Accumulative roll bonding (ARB), Friction stir processing (FSP), Multi-Directional Forging, Cyclic Extrusion and Compression, Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening, Twist Extrusion, Machining, Role of Grain Size, Role of Grain Boundaries, Diffusion along grain boundaries, Influence of second phases, Effect of Internal Stress, Effect on mechanical behavior, Corrosion behavior, Applications

Ultra-light materials: Introduction of Ultralight materials, Aerogel, Classification of Aerogel, Properties of Aerogel, Applications of Aerogel, Aerographite, Synthesisof Aerographite, Properties of Aerographite, Applications of Aerographite, Aerographene, Properties, Application of Aerographene, 3D Graphene, Properties of 3D grapheme, Carbyne, History of development, Synthesis of Carbyne, Polycondensation of carbon suboxide with bis(bromomagnesium) acetylide, Dehydrohalogenation of polymers, Dehydrogenation of polyacetylene, Synthesis of carbyne in a plasma, Laser-induced sublimation of carbon, Deposition of carbyne from an electric arc, Ion-assisted condensation of carbine, Properties and Applications of Carbyne, Micro-Lattice Materials, Metallic Micro-Lattice, Applications of metallic microlattice, Polymer Microlattice, Applications of Polymer microlattice, Ceramic Microlattice, Composite Microlattice, Foams, Metallic Foams, Classification of metallic foam, Properties and Application, Ceramic foam, Polymeric foam, Classification of Polymer Foams

Course Objectives

Course Outcomes

> To understand the basic working principles of the advanced materials <br />> To gain knowledge on various properties of the advanced materials <br />> To know various materials and their characterization processes <br />> Acquire knowledge about the processing of different grades of modern materials <br />> Identify the various field of applications of the advanced materials <br />> To know about the structure-property-application relationship

Essential Reading

Supplementary Reading

Journal and Conferences