Module 1: Shallow water equations, application of shallow water equations to equatorial waves and dispersive relationship. Solutions of Kelvin waves, Rossby waves, Yanai waves and Poincare waves. Propagation and speed of equatorially trapped waves and its applications to ocean dynamics. Ocean Kelvin and Rossby waves dynamics and their importance. [8 Hrs]

Module 2: Ocean mixed layer dynamics, diagnostic mixed layer temperature and salinity budget equations and models. Variability of mixed layer budget terms under different modes of tropical oscillations. Application of ocean mixed layer models in the ocean and coupled general circulation schemes. Parameterization of mixed layer schemes in the primitive equation models. [7 Hrs]

Module 3: The El Niño/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Walker circulation in the Pacific Ocean during normal and abnormal conditions. Impacts of ENSO on global climate systems and Indian Summer monsoon. Bjerknes positive feedback theories for ENSO. Negative feedback theories of ENSO, unified oscillator for ENSO. Verification of models - forecasting ENSO. [8 Hrs]

Module 4: Intraseasonal Oscillations importance and variability. Madden Julian Oscillations (MJO) genesis, propagation and decay. Role of equatorial trapped waves for MJO propagation and decay. Air-sea feedback mechanisms associated with tropical intraseasonal oscillations. Importance, structure and propagation of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillations. Modelling and prediction of tropical intraseasonal oscillations in coupled general circulation models. [7 Hrs]

Module 5: General approach to numerical modelling of ocean circulation, Physical processes involved in the modelling of the upper ocean. Concepts of 1,2,3, and 4 D modeling-Geostrophic adjustment, barotropic and baroclinic instabilities, spin up, Quasi geostrophic models. Tide and Storm surge modelling – Climate system – components and processes - Ocean atmosphere coupled models - Ocean General Circulation Models, hydrographic data inputs, new data produced by models and validation. [7 Hrs]

The course's main objective is to understand the various components of ocean modelling and its applications.
To understand the shallow water equations and their applications for equatorially trapped waves.

To understand the oceanic mixed layer process in general circulation models.

Describe the various important processes of the ocean as ENSO and intraseasonal oscillations dynamics.

To introduce the various ocean model's initial conditions, physics, and dynamics. Parameterization schemes, horizontal and vertical representation of ocean models.

1) To evaluate the dynamics and setting of shallow water equations
2) Understanding of equatorial trapped wave propagation and applications.
3) To attain a clear understanding of oceanic mixed-layer processes and dynamics
4) Understand the dynamics of the atmosphere and tropical ocean oscillations such as ENSO and MJO
5) Hierarchy of the ocean models and applicability of the ocean model will be understood

Pond S. and G. L. Pickard, Introductory dynamical oceanography, Butterworth-Heinemann

Talley L. D., G. L. Pickard, W. J. Emery and J. H. Swift, Descriptive Physical Oceanography, Elsevier publication co

Reddy M. P. M, Descriptive Physical Oceanography, Oxford and IBH Publishing Company

Gerold Siedler Stephen Griffies John Gould John Church, Ocean Circulation and Climate, Academic Press