Course Details
Subject {L-T-P / C} : CR3105 : Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow { 3-0-0 / 3}
Subject Nature : Theory
Coordinator : Prof. Partha Saha
Syllabus
Module 1: Introduction to fluid mechanics, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids: Introduction to fluid mechanics, viscous versus inviscid regions of flow, compressible versus incompressible flow, laminar versus turbulent flow, steady versus unsteady flow, the concept of viscosity, surface tension, capillary effect, kinematic viscosity, types of fluids: Newtonian and non-Newtonian behavior, hydrostatic equilibrium, barometric equation, the concept of Manometer, U-tube and differential manometer, variation of pressure with depth, Pascal’s law, Buoyancy, floatation, and stability.
6 Hours
Module 2: Reynolds numbers, Bernoulli's equation, and practical applications: Significance of Reynolds numbers, continuity equation, the velocity profile of a fluid, streamlines/stream tubes, path lines, streak lines, the concept of laminar and turbulent flows, basic physical laws of fluid mechanics, elementary equations of motion, Bernoulli equation, application of Bernoulli equation
Venturimeter, Orifice meter, Pitot tube.
6 Hours
Module 3: Boundary layer concept, Hagen-Poiseuville equation, friction factor, drag force: Boundary layers and thickness, Reynolds number & geometry effect, entrance region, pressure drop through a circular tube: Hagen-Poiseuville equation, friction factor, drag force, head loss. Turbulent flow in pipes, The Moody chart, flow through bends, straight and bend pipes, fluid flow through porous media, the concept of fluidization, packed beds, fluidized bed. Energy conservation, energy analysis of steady-state flows.
6 Hours
Module 4: Introduction to heat transfer, steady-state heat conduction: Introduction to heat transfer, Fourier’s law, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, steady-state heat conduction through plane wall and composite wall, thermal resistance, contact resistance, overall heat transfer coefficient, steady-state heat conduction through the cylinder, sphere. Critical thickness of insulation: sphere and cylinder, logarithmic mean area for hollow cylinder and hollow sphere. Conduction with thermal energy generation, derivation of the equations for plane-wall, cylinder, and sphere.
6 Hours
Module 5: Transient heat conduction, lumped parameter analysis & time constant: Transient heat conduction: lumped parameter analysis and time constant, Fourier number and Biot number, Solids with finite conduction and convective resistances (0 < Bi <100), Heisler charts, transient heat conduction in semi-infinite solids (H or Bi ? 8), Gaussian error function, penetration depth and penetration time.
5 Hours
Module 6: Free and forced convection, turbulent flow and Reynolds-Colburn analogy, heat exchanger, the concept of LMTD: Free and forced convection, application of dimensional analysis to convection problems. Significance of Nusselt, Grashof, Reynolds, and Prandtl, Stanton, Peclet, Graetz, Grashoff numbers. Reynolds and Colburn analogy, the analogy between momentum and heat transfer, Turbulent tube flow. Heat exchanger, parallel and counter-current flow, logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD), overall heat transfer coefficient (U), the concept of fouling and scaling. Radiation heat transfer through the black body and grey body, emissivity, Stefan-Boltzman’s law, Kirchoff’s law, Planck’s law. Concept of shape factor.
7 Hours
Course Objectives
- To impart a basic understanding of various fluid flow and heat transfer mechanisms at undergraduate level to Ceramic engineering students.
- To gain in-depth knowledge about the fundamentals of heat transfer mechanisms common to Ceramic industries especially ovens, kilns, and furnaces used in glass, whiteware, and cement industries.
- The course modules are structured in such a way that it would immensely help students aspiring for higher studies to hone their analytical skills and prepare for the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) examination.
Course Outcomes
CO1: Students will gain knowledge on steady-state and transient state heat transfer and fluid flow behavior, understand the concept of the <br /> packed bed, and fluidized bed, and gain an overall knowledge of 1-D heat transfer by conduction through the composite wall, <br /> cylinder, sphere gain knowledge on forced and free convention, understand the role of Biot number, Fourier number, radiation, heat <br /> exchanger, etc. <br /> <br />CO2: Apply the theoretical knowledge imparted during the course to carry out independent research and developmental work related to the <br /> calculation of heat loss through drying oven, furnace, kiln, etc. <br /> <br />CO3: Able to independently solve numerical problems and case studies related to heat transfer in one dimension and fluid flow behavior. <br /> <br />CO4: Able to understand the concept of regenerator, recuperator, heat exchanger, dryer, kiln, furnace operation in glass, whiteware, cement <br /> industries, and design dryer, draft for kiln at industrial scale to prevent heat loss and improve production efficiency.
Essential Reading
- W. L. McCabe, J. C. Smith and P. Harriot, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, McGraw Hill professional, 2005
- S.K.Ghosal, S.K.Sanyal, S.Datta, Introduction to Chemical Engineering, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2005
Supplementary Reading
- D. Q. Kern, Process Heat Transfer, McGraw Hill International Auckland Bogota, 1986
- R. H. Perry, D. W. Green and J. O. Maloney, Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, McGraw-Hill, 1999.
Journal and Conferences
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