Introduction to Thermodynamics (12 lecture hours):
Structure of thermodynamics: Thermodynamic systems and their classification; classification of thermodynamic variables, relationship between thermodynamic variables
Laws of thermodynamics: First law of thermodynamics, internal energy, enthalpy, heat capacities, relation between Cp and Cv, Kirchhoff’s equation, application of first law to chemical reactions
Spontaneity of processes, entropy and quantification of irreversibility of processes, Second law of thermodynamics, entropy and criterion for equilibrium, statistical interpretation of entropy
Third Law of thermodynamics and applications
Fundamental thermodynamic equations of state and their relations: Gibbs free energy, Gibbs–Helmholtz equation, and equilibrium constant, chemical potential
Behavior of gases and solutions: Ideal and real gases, Concept of partial molar quantities, Dalton’s law of partial pressure, Enthalpy of mixing, Entropy of mixing, Fugacity, Free energy of formation of solution, Raoult’s law, Henry’s law, fugacity, activity, Gibbs-Duhem equation, Sievert’s law

Introduction to Kinetics (3 lecture hours):
First, second, and third order reactions, Arrhenius equation – activation energy, determination of order of reaction, rate constants, and rate-limiting steps

Pyrometallurgical extraction processing (6 lecture hours):
Brief introduction to extraction and refining processes, Role of Ellingham diagram and phase stability diagrams, Thermodynamics and kinetics of Roasting: Predominant Area Diagram (PDA), Thermodynamics and kinetics of Reduction of oxides and sulfides, Slag-Metal reaction thermodynamics and kinetics, slag compositions, structure of molten slags, molecular theory, concept of basicity index, ionic theory, thermodynamics of slag-metal reactions

Hydrometallurgy (6 lecture hours):
Brief introduction to leaching processes, thermodynamics and kinetics of leaching, electrochemical phenomenon in leaching processes, cementation and its kinetics

Electrometallurgy (6 lecture hours):
Principle of electrometallurgy: Cell potential, discharge potential, current and energy efficiency
Applications: Electronwinning and electrorefining

Phase transformation (5 lecture hours):
Phase equilibrium in a one-component system, Gibbs phase rule, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, solid-vapor and solid-solid equilibria, Equilibrium phase diagrams, equilibrium of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems

To introduce the basic concepts of thermodynamics from a metallurgical perspective

To learn the principles governing the kinetics of metallurgical reactions

To understand the applications of thermodynamics and kinetics in various metal extraction processes

To understand the thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transformation

Understand the various thermodynamic properties of materials and develop a vision for applying them in metallurgical processes.

Develop the ability to interpret the kinetic aspects of various metallurgical processes

Realise the role of Ellingham diagrams and predominant area diagrams in governing the stability of oxides and sulphides and the kinetics of their reduction in the pyrometallurgical operations

Apply the principles of electrochemistry to leaching and cementation in the hydrometallurgical processing

Analyze the electrochemistry of cells and their applications to electrometallurgical operations such as electrowinning and electrorefining

Apply the thermodynamic principles to the phase equilibria and understand the origin of phase diagrams

D. R. Gaskell, D.E. Laughlin, Thermodynamics of Materials, CRC Press , 6th Edition, 2018

M. Shamsuddin, Physical Chemistry of Metallurgical Processes, Wiley , 1st edition, 2016

D. S. Porter, K.E. Easterling, Phase transformation in metals and alloys, Chapman & Hall , 1981

G.S. Upadhayay, R.K. Dubey, Problems in Metallurgical Thermodynamics and Kinetics, Pergamon , 1977