Syllabus

Module 1(2 hours) Introduction with brief history, Need for low temperature,
Module 2(10 hours) Techniques of attaining low temperature, Ultra low temperatures (dilution refrigerator, adiabatic demagnetization, nuclear demagnetization).
Module 3(8 hours) Techniques to measure low temperature
Module 4(10 hours) Physical properties at low temperature (Electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal expansion, magnetic properties, etc), Superconductivity and SQUID.
Module 5(6 hours) Magnetic field in addition to low temperature, Effect of magnetic field on the physical properties, Sources of magnetic fields. Measurements involving high magnetic field (Electron spin resonance, Nuclear magnetic resonance).

To know the need of low temperature

To learn the techniques of attaining low temperature and measuring them

To understand the behavior of physical properties at low temperature

Benefit of magnetic field in addition to low temperature

CO1: Learn the techniques of attaining temperature
CO2: Learn the methods of measuring/quantifying low temperature
CO3: Understand of variation of physical properties at low temperature
CO4: Learn the methods of physical properties at low temperature
CO5: Know about new physical processes due to high magnetic field at low temperature

Frank Pobell, Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures, Springer , 2007

G. K. White and Philip J. Meeson, Experimental Techniques in Low Temperature Physics, Oxford Science Publications , 2002

T. H. K. Barron and G. K.white,, Heat Capacity and Thermal Expansion at Low Temperature, Kluwer academic , 1999

Jack W. Ekin, Experimental Techniques for Low Temperature Measurements : Cryostat Design, Material and Superconductor Critical Current Testing, Oxford university press , 2006