Syllabus

Heterocycles: Nomenclature of Heterocycles with more than one heteroatom, Structure and uses of heterocyclic compounds, Synthesis and Reactivity of indoles, azines, purines, pyrimidines, pteridines, azeridine, oxirane, thiirane, oxaziridine, azetidine, azetidinone, oxetane, oxetanone, thietane, azoles,fused heterocycles containing oxygen and sulfur hetero atoms benzofurans, benzothiophene, benzopyrones). Heterocycles in natural products, medicines and materials.Alkaloids: Occurrence, Functions of Alkaloids, Classification, Isolation, Properties, and synthesis: Quinine (Coniine), Morphine. Terpenoids: Classification, Structural features of Terpenoids, specific importance to reactions of double bonds with Chromic acid, Ozone, catalytic hydrogenation, Tilden reagent, Hydroxylating agents etc. Monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, Triterpenoids. Detailed discussions on Menthol. Geometrical considerations of Neral & Geranial, Menthol. Biosynthesis of natural products. Steroids: General biosynthesis studies of steroids, structure of cholesterol and ergosterol (synthesis). Stereochemistry of steroids, chemistry of bile acids. Hormones: Definition, classification, synthesis of adrenaline, thyroxine, Structural formulae of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone and their importance. Peptide hormones-oxytocin and insulin – action, uses and side effects. Sulpha drugs, Antimicrobial, Analgesic-anti-inflammatory, Cardiovascular agent, Antihistamines, Antilaprosy and Vitamins. Uric acid: Structure and synthesis of Uric acid, conversion of uric acid to purine and caffeine, Synthesis of guanine and theobomine.

It aims to equip students with a comprehensive understanding of heterocyclic chemistry, natural product chemistry, and their applications, including synthesis, reactivity, and biological significance and their role in drug discovery and development.

It aims to provide theoretical expertise in synthesis, application and biological activity of various important classes of heterocyclic compounds.

It intends to provide students a broad understanding of different classes of natural products (e.g., alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids) and their biological roles.

It intends to make the students familiar with the isolation, purification, and structural elucidation methods of natural products.

CO1: Students will gain fundamental knowledge on important classes of heterocyclic organic compounds, classification between electron rich and electron deficient heterocycles and their reactivities.
CO2: Students will be familiar with the synthetic routes for preparing various heterocyclic rings and their derivatives and will be able to understand the reactivity of heterocyclic compounds, including their participation in various reactions and mechanisms.
CO3: Students will gain a broad understanding of different classes of natural products (e.g., alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids) and their biological roles.
CO4: Students will learn different strategies and technologies regarding the isolation, purification, and structural elucidation of natural products.
CO5: Students will learn about the biological importance of and applications of heterocycles and natural products and also their role in drug discovery and development.

T. L. Gilchrist,, Heterocyclic Chemistry,, Pearson Education , 3rd Ed., 2007

John A. Joule and Keith Mills, Heterocyclic Chemistry, Wiley-blackwell , 4th ed, 2000

Alan R. Katritzky and Pozharski, Handbook of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Academic Press , 2nd Ed. 2000.

K. C. Nicolaou, T. Montagnon, Molecules that changed world, Wiley-VCH , 1st ed., 2008.