Syllabus

Introduction: surface energy and the colloidal state, Stability: forces involved kinetic properties, Electrical property: Charged nature of colloids, concept of electrical double layer (no detailed mathematical derivation), qualitative approach, Stern theory, concept of zeta potential and factors affecting it, Electrokinetic phonemena: particle electrophoresis, gel electrophoresis, SDS PAGE, zone electrophoresis. Electroosmosis, streaming and sedimentation potential, Optical Characterization: optical microsopy, electronic microscopy, dark field microsopy, scattering of light by colloids, Rayleigh scattering vs Mie scattering (qualitative comparison),Surface tension, intermolecular forces at the interface, Phenomena at curved surfaces, Young-Laplace equation, derivation of Kelvin equation, implication of Kelvin equation: enhanced vapor pressure of liquid droplets, enhanced solubility of solids, Ostwald ripening, Adsorption and orientation at the interface: surface excess, Gibbs isotherm (qualitative treatment and significance),Surfactants: property, classification and application, Micelles: structural types, critical micelle concentration (cmc), Kraft temperature, factors affecting cmc, critical packing parameter, characterization techniques of micelles, Definition, role of surfactant in emulsion, thermodynamic stability of microemulsion, industrial application of emulsion and microemulsion, Three component systems (oil-water-surfactant), interpretation of ternary diagrams, Winsor systems (type I, II and III), Adsorption: physisorption, chemisorptions and thermodynamic consideration and reversibility, Langmuir’s theory: adsorption isotherm, Types of isotherm, drawback’s of Langmuir’s theory, BET theory, basic consideration, general form of BET equation, application of BET equation, measurement of surface area, adsorption in porous solids (type IV isotherm, hysteresis and theories explaining the hysteresis), Surface plasmons: definition, qualitative picture, surface plasmon resonance, absorption bands and significance, variation of Surface Plasmon absorption maxima in gold colloids with size, Effect of interaction between solid surface and high energy electron beam: generation of primary, secondary, Auger electrons and X-rays (characteristic: EDS and non-characteristic: Bremsstrahlung), Atomic force microscopy: basic principle (qualitative idea) and application.

As colloidal state of matter and interface between two phases are integral part of physical chemistry as well as material science, this course aims to develop fundamental concepts on molecular forces, surface tension and how colloidal state is exploited in industrial applications.

To provide knowledge on the basics of surface science.

To provide knowledge on the logics behind fundamental phenomena at the interfaces.

To provide an understanding how the principles of colloids and surfaces apply to the industrial and scientific application.

CO1. Students will be able to to define and remember the basic principles of colloidal materials.
CO2. Student will be able to understand the basic of surface science.
CO3. Students should be able to describe or explain the fundamental logic between phenomena at the interfaces.
CO4. Students should be able to apply the knowledge gained in the colloidal and surface science to interpret the physical phenomena for the nanoscale materials.
CO5. Students should be able to draw the connection between colloids and surfaces and their industrial and scientific application.

Pashley, Karaman, Applied colloid and surface chemistry, John Wiley , 2004

D. Shaw, and B. Heinemann, Introduction to Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Butterworth 5. Heinemann , 4th Edition, 1992

. E. D. Shchukin, A. V. Pertsov, E. A. Amelina, and A. S.Zelenev, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Elsevier , 2001

F. Caruso (Editor), Colloids and Colloid Assemblies: Synthesis, Modification, Organisation and Utilization of Colloid Particles, Wiley , 2004