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Module 1 :
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Unit-1: Introduction to materials
Classification of materials: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites, structure and Properties of materials, selection of materials, materials usage in modern technology; challenges and opportunities for future developments. Structure of atoms, Quantum states, Atomic bonding in solids: metallic, ionic, covalent and mixed bonding, binding energy, interatomic spacing, variation in bonding characteristics, structure of materials: fundamentals of crystallography, symmetry operations, crystal systems, Bravais lattices, unit cells, primitive cells, crystallographic planes and directions; structures of metals, ceramics, polymers, amorphous materials and glasses. Single crystals, polycrystalline & Non crystalline solids, Defects in crystalline materials: 0-D, 1-D and 2-D defects; vacancies, interstitials, solid solutions in metals and ceramics, Frenkel and Schottky defects; dislocations; grain boundaries, twins, stacking faults; surfaces and interfaces. Geometry of dislocation - Schmid´s law, Surface imperfection, Importance of defects, Microscopic techniques, grain size distribution
Unit-2: Thermodynamic and Kinetics of materials
Solid solutions and alloys, Extensive and intensive thermodynamic properties, laws of thermodynamics, phase equilibria, phase rule, phase diagrams (unary and binary), Gibbs phase rule, Single component systems, Eutectic phase diagram, lever rule, Study of properties of phase diagrams, Phase transformation, Nucleation kinetics and growth, basic electrochemistry. Reaction kinetics, fundamentals of diffusion, Fick’s laws, their solutions and applications. Solidification of pure metals and alloys, nucleation and growth, diffusional solid-state phase transformations (precipitation and eutectoid), martensitic transformation.
Unit-3: Properties of Materials
Physical properties: X-ray diffraction; spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Vis, IR, Fluorescence and Raman; optical microscopy, electron microscopy, composition analysis in electron microscopes. Mechanical properties: Mechanical properties of metals, ceramics, polymers and composites at room temperature; stress-strain response (elastic, anelastic and plastic deformation). Deformation, elasticity, Tensile test, hardness measurement. Electronic properties: free electron theory, Fermi energy, density of states, elements of band theory, semiconductors, Hall effect, dielectric behaviour, piezo- and ferro-electric behaviour. Band model of semiconductors, carrier concentrations in intrinsic, extrinsic semiconductors, organic semiconductors, Fermi level, variation of conductivity, mobility with temperature, carrier mobility and concentrations, law of mass action, Hall coefficients for intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, Hall effect devices, Electrical conductivity. Application of diffusion in sintering, doping of semiconductors and surface hardening of metals. Magnetic properties: Origin of magnetism in materials, para-, dia-, ferro- and ferrimagnetism, domain theory, magnetic hysteresis, Weiss molecular field theory, Heisenberg's theory, magnetic anisotropy, domain walls, Exchange energy, antiferromagnetism. Thermal properties: Specific heat, heat conduction, thermal diffusivity, thermal expansion, and thermoelectricity, Thermal analysis techniques: thermogravimetry and calorimetry. Optical properties: Refractive index, absorption and transmission of electromagnetic radiation. Light interaction with solids, Atomic, electronic interaction, non-radiative transition, refraction, reflection, Absorption, Transmission, Insulators, luminescence.
Examples of materials exhibiting above properties, and their typical/common applications.
Unit-4: Advanced Materials: Materials concept and Processing
Smart Materials: Piezoelectric Materials: Direct and reverse piezoelectric effect, Shape memory materials: Shape Memory alloys, shape memory polymer, shape memory ceramics, smart gel. Magnetostrictive materials: magnetostriction, magnetic effects, butterfly effect. Smart fluid: Electro-rehological materials, Magneto-rehological materials, ferro-fluid. Superalloys: Basic metallurgy of superalloys, Strengthening mechanisms of superalloys, Ni-based superalloys, Co-based superalloys, Fe-based superalloys. Nanostructured Materials: Top down and bottom up synthesis, Classification of nanomaterials, optical, thermal, magnetic and electronic properties of nanomaterials, Metallic and Carbon nanostructures, Applications of nanomaterials. Chromogenic Materials: Concept of Chromogenic Materials, Classification of Chromogenic Materials, Self-Healing materials: Types of self-healing processes, Self-healing by functional materials approach. Self-Cleaning Materials: Classification of self-cleaning materials, Young's model of Wetting, Wenzel's model of Wetting, Cassie-Baxter's model of Wetting. Bulk Metallic Glass (BMG): Mechanism of BMG formation, Metal-metal-type alloys, Metal-metalloid type alloys, Pd-metalloid-type alloys. High Entropy Materials: High entropy alloys, The key concept of multicomponent HE alloy, Core effects of HEA, Application of HEA. Biomaterials: Introduction, Classification of Biomaterial. Ultra-light materials: Introduction of Ultralight materials, Aerogel, Aerographite, 3D Graphene, Carbyne, Micro-Lattice, Foams. Metal-Organic Frameworks: Structure of MOF, Synthesis of MOF.
Processing of Materials: casting routes, powder metallurgy routes, deposition route and additive manufacturing routes, sever plastic deformation for Ultrafine-Grained Materials.
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