Syllabus

Linear measurements and chain surveying: Definition of surveying, classification of surveys, scales, types of chains and tapes, chaining and ranging, principles of chain survey, instruments, applications, errors and corrections, obstacles in chaining. [6 hours]

Compass Traversing: Measurement of bearing, computation of angles from bearings, designation of bearings, fore bearing and back bearing, prismatic compass, principles of compass survey, local attraction and corrections, compass traverse and adjustments. [6 hours]

Plane Table Surveying: Instruments, working operations, different methods, advantages and disadvantages, two and three-point problems. [4 hours]

Levelling and contouring: Principle, levelling instruments, dumpy level, classification of levelling, booking and reducing levels, profile and reciprocal levelling, curvature and refraction corrections, bubble tube and its sensitiveness, levelling difficulties, definition of contouring, contour interval, characteristics of contours, direct and indirect methods of contouring, interpolation of contours, contour gradient, uses of contour maps. [8 hours]

Theodolite surveying and modern surveying instruments: Types of theodolites, temporary and permanent adjustments, measurement of horizontal and vertical angles, theodolite traversing, included angles from bearings, fundamental lines and desired relations, errors in theodolite work, electronic theodolite, plotting a traverse, latitude and departure of lines, consecutive and independent coordinates, closing error, balancing a traverse, Gale’s traverse table, omitted measurements, calculation of area, Electronic Distance Measuring (EDM) equipment, total station. [10 hours]

Module VI: Remote sensing: Introduction and basic concepts, spectral reflectance of ground features, data acquisition and interpretation, applications of remote sensing for resources mapping, Global Positioning System and Geographic Information System, Aerial photogrammetry- principles, computation of scale and distance between points, relief displacement, measurement of the height of different objects, ground control, flight planning. [6 hours]

Students will learn different dethods of surveying for a location and engineering applications.

Students will learn the use of surveying instruments e.g. tapes, compass, levels, theodolites, and advanced surveying equipment such as total stations.

Students will learn about referencing systems, horizontal and vertical control, and topographic mapping.

Students will learn to record and analyze survey data and check and distribute survey errors.

Understand the principles of linear measurement, chaining, and error corrections.

Explain the methods of bearing measurement and angle computation, and apply compass adjustments during fieldwork.

Understand plane table surveying methods to solve two and three-point problems.

Illustrate the principles of levelling and contouring, including corrections for curvature and refraction.

Understand the working of theodolites, EDM, and total stations for traversing and area computation.

Subramanian, R., Surveying and Levelling, Oxford (2012)

Punmia, B.C., Jain, A.K. and Jain, A.K., Surveying Vol. I and II, Laxmi Publications (2016)

Basak, N. N., Surveying and Levelling, Tata McGraw Hill (2017)

Venkatramaiah, C., A Text Book of Surveying, Universities Press (2011)