Syllabus

(4 hrs) Basic theory: Interaction of light with matter, wave and particle nature of light, origin of quantum mechanics, wave-particle duality, phase and group velocity, concept of wave packet, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, de-Broglie hypothesis, Schrodinger equation, wave function and its physical significance, expectation values of dynamical quantities

(10 hrs) LASER Principles: Absorption and emission of light, concept of stimulated emission, Einstein A, B coefficients, condition for light amplification, line shape function, population inversion, meta-stable state, pumping methods and scheme, active medium, LASER as amplifier, optical cavity, optical resonator and its function, threshold condition, condition for steady state oscillation, LASER rate equations for two, three and four level LASER.

(10 hrs) LASER Materials and Types: Radiative and non-radiative decay from excited state atoms, radiative transition probability and lifetime of a radiating electron, Quantum mechanical description of electric dipole radiation, selection rules for electric dipole transitions for electron in an unfilled subshell, parity selection rule, energy levels and radiative properties of molecules, liquids, and solids, continuous and pulsed LASER, solid gas and liquid state LASER. Dye LASER, excimer LASER, free-electron LASER, , semiconductor LASER

(6 hrs) LASER beam characteristics and controlling beam output: Monochromacity, directionality, intensity, coherence, LASER modes, selecting narrow frequency range, selecting TEM00 mode and single longitudinal mode, generating high power pulse, Q-factor, Q-switching and methods of Q-switching, cavity dumping, mode locking, frequency doubling.

(6 hrs)LASER Applications: Holography, LASER in industry, in medicine, in defence and in science.

To impart knowledge on
Background theory for LASERS

Basic operating principles of LASERS

Different kinds of LASERS

LASER properties

Application of LASER

At the end of course, students will be able to:
CO1: grasp the fundamental knowledge for LASERS.

CO2: recognize different components for LASERS

CO3: get an idea about different kinds of LASERS with varied characteristics.

CO4: get an idea how to control the LASER beam output to use for different applications.

CO5: have clearer picture of uses of LASERS in different fields of industries and research. uses

William T. Silfvast, LASER Fundamentals, Cambridge University Press; 2nd Edition (2004).

A. K. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, 2. LASERS: Theory and applications, Macmillan Publishers; 2nd edition (2019).

Anthony E. Siegman, LASERS, University Science Books, 1986.

M. N. Avadhanulu abd P S. Hemne,, An introduction to LASERS: Theory and applications, S. Chand and Company Limited; 2nd Edition (2012)

Anthony E. Siegman, LASERS, University Science Books (1986).

K. R. Nambiar, LASERS: Principles, Types and Applications, New Age Instruments; 1st Edition (2004).