Syllabus

Familiarization with Instruments: To analyse sensitivity, linearity, and error margins of meters and sensors.

Photoelectric Effect: To measure photocurrent variation with light intensity and voltage at fixed wavelength.

Franck–Hertz Experiment: To record current-voltage profiles for varying filament temperatures for the verification of Bohr's atomic model

Electron Diffraction: To measure diffraction ring diameters versus accelerating voltage for verifying electron's wave nature

Tunnel Diode Characteristics: To record I-V characteristics and extract differential resistance of a given tunnel diode.

Hydrogen Spectrum: To compare linewidths under varying discharge conditions and find the value of Rydberg constant.

Zeeman Effect: To observe p and s line patterns in an applied magnetic field for verifying the Zeeman splitting.

Malus’ Law: To record transmitted intensity or interference color variations

Mach–Zehnder Interferometer: To observe fringe shifts with optical path variation.

Millikan Oil Drop: To measure droplet velocities under different field conditions.

Magnetoresistance: To record resistivity vs magnetic field (R–B) characteristics at different temperatures of a given quantum material.

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: To measure absorbance versus concentration or thickness for finding the electronic band gap of a given quantum material.

Quantum Well Hot Electron Transistor (QW-HET): To record I–V curves for varying bias and discuss quantum tunnelling resonance.

SIMULATIONS
1. Orientation and Introduction to Qiskit.
2. To implement and analyse the action of single-qubit quantum gates, such as the Pauli-X, Pauli-Y, Pauli-Z, Hadamard (H), Phase (S), and T gates on a qubit using the IBM Quantum Computer through Qiskit.
3. To implement a two-qubit circuit using the Controlled-NOT (CNOT), create an entangled Bell state, and measure the correlated outputs (00 and 11) to verify quantum entanglement through measurement statistics and state vector analysis.
4. To observe phase-dependent interference by recording probability oscillations with varying phase angle (?) applied through RZ or S gates on a single qubit.
5. To simulate the quantum teleportation protocol using Qiskit on the IBM Quantum Computer.
6. To implement a variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) by varying rotation angles in a parameterized quantum circuit and measuring the overlap or fidelity between the trial state and the target quantum state.
7. To simulate a two-qubit Heisenberg interaction model, and quantify quantum correlations by measuring ?Z?Z? expectation values to visualize interaction dynamics.

To familiarize students with precision instruments, sensors, and their characteristics and error margins.

To develop hands-on skills in experiments demonstrating fundamental quantum and optical phenomena.

To introduce students to measurement, data acquisition, and analysis techniques in advanced experimental physics.

To provide practical experience in quantum simulations using Qiskit, including single- and multi-qubit operations.

To correlate experimental observations with theoretical models in quantum mechanics, optics, and solid-state physics.

At the end of the course, students will be able to:
Understand the principles of classical and quantum experiments, and be familiar with laboratory instruments, and measurement techniques used for analysing sensitivity, and error margins. (BL1 and BL2)

Analyse the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics and optics by performing experiments, and by interpreting the resulting data to verify theoretical predictions. (BL4)

Learn to design and execute quantum circuits using Qiskit on IBM quantum platforms. (BL3 and BL4)

Implement and simulate single and multi-qubit circuits using Qiskit, including quantum gates, Bell states, quantum teleportation, VQE, and two-qubit Heisenberg interaction models, and analyse the outcomes. (BL3 and BL4)

Verify fundamental quantum principles through hands-on experimentation and simulation, distinguishing them from classical behaviour. (BL5)

NA, Laboratory Manual, NA

Kittel, C. , Introduction to Solid State Physics, 9th Edition, Wiley, 2019.

Nielsen, M. A., & Chuang, I. L. , Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, 10thAnniversary Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Pain, H. J. , The Physics of Vibrations and Waves, 6th Edition, Wiley, 2013.