Syllabus

Module 1
Definitions and Background, Variables, Wind and Flow, Turbulent transports, Taylor’s hypothesis, Boundary layer depth and structure, Turbulence and its Spectrum, Spectral gap, observing techniques in micrometeorology, Reynold’s decomposition and averaging, Eddy covariance method, average, variance, standard deviation and covariance in micrometeorology, Eddy heat flux concept, Dispersion and its relation to boundary layer.

Module 2
Simplifications and approximations, Equations for mean variables in a turbulent flow, Prognostic equations for turbulent departures and mean variables, Bosinessq approximation, Shallow motion and shallow convection approximations, Prognostic equations for fluxes and variances.

Module 3
TKE budget equation, Turbulent closure techniques, Mixed layer theory, Momentum equations for PBL – Well mixed boundary layer, The flux – gradient theory, Mixing length theory, Ekman layer, Surface layer, Modified Ekman layer, Turbulence Closure Techniques, Similarity Theory, Stable boundary layer, Modeling and evolution of stable boundary layer over land surface.

Module 4
Urban boundary layer characteristics, Urban heat island, Urban modification of flow, Urban weather and mesoscale weather, Atmospheric boundary layer modeling and parameterizations, Surface Radiation budget and Surface Heat budget, Atmospheric Pollution: Type of pollutants, gaseous and particulate pollutants, Urban Air Pollution.

Module 5
Aerosols, sources, transport, sinks, residence times of aerosols emission inventory, Ozone in the Atmosphere The stability of atmosphere and its role in pollution Atmospheric effects- smog, visibility Eddy diffusion and Turbulence: Taylors Theory of diffusion, Relative and Particle Diffusion, K-Theory of diffusion The Gaussian Plume and modeling of Plume dispersion. Brownian motion and turbulent theory of diffusion.

To introduce the fundamentals of atmospheric boundary layer, turbulence in the atmosphere and resulting complexities.

Developing an understanding about various simplifications applicable for solutions in the boundary layer, and how pollution dispersion is governed by the boundary layer principles.

To understand the conversion of mass, momentum, energy principles application by considering turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer.

4. Exploring the modification of boundary layer concepts with urbanization.
5. Developing basic understanding of air pollution and role of boundary layer in its transformation.

CO1: To describe and explain the salient features of turbulent boundary layers in atmosphere.
CO2: To examine and investigate the derivation and applications of conservation of mass, momentum, energy in the atmospheric boundary layer with the limitations, approximations, and assumptions for solving the equations in a real-world scenario.
CO3: To explain, and categorize the spectral evolution of turbulence, and the dominant terms of the budget equations for turbulence in the atmosphere and to develop knowledge on sources and sink mechanisms driving turbulence in atmosphere.
CO4: To understand the pollution transport and dispersion mechanism as per atmospheric boundary layer principles with its application to practical situations.
CO5: To analyze and explain different surface energy budget conditions, similarity theory for formulation of dimensionless relations between variables in the boundary layer.
CO6: To explain, evaluate various atmospheric pollutants, under rural and urban scenarios, and understanding the pollution dispersion in different scenarios.

Roland B. Stull, An introduction to boundary layer meteorology, Kluwer Academic Publishers , 1988

Foken, T. and Napo, C.J., Micrometeorology, Springer , 2008

Wark K. C. F. Warner and W. T. Davis, Air Pollution – its origin and control, Prentice Hall , 1997

Seinfeld J. H. and S. N. Pandis, Atmospheric chemistry and physics – from air pollution to climate change, Wiley-Interscience , 2006