Syllabus

Overview of Ocean and Atmosphere Interactions: Ocean and Atmosphere Interactions at Various Scales, Description of Marine Boundary Layer, Ocean Mixed Layer, Barrier Layer and its Significance, Thermal Inversion. Flux and Resistance, Momentum Transfer in Laminar Flow, Turbulent Flow over the Sea, Eddies The Air-Sea Side Surface Layer, Properties of Wind-Sea, Flux and Air-Sea Momentum Transfer, Charnock’s Law, Sea Surface Roughness And Energy Dissipation.
Momentum and Heat Transfer Between Ocean and Atmosphere: Radiation, Sensible and Latent Heat Transfer, Transfer of Sensible Heat by Conduction, Transfer of Water Substance by Diffusion. Momentum Transfer and Drag, Ocean Impact on the Marine Atmospheric Circulation.
Wind Waves and the Mechanisms of Air-Sea Transfer: The Origin of Wind Waves, Instability Theory, Properties of Instability Waves, the Wind Wave Phenomenon, Wave Measures, and Wave Growth. The Breaking of Waves, Momentum Transfer in a Breaking Wave, Water-side Resistance, Air-side Resistance, Pathways of Air-Sea Momentum Transfer.
Mixed layers and thermocline: Mixed Layers in Contact: Mixed Layers, Thermoclines, and Hot Towers, Mixed Layer Turbulence, Laws of Entrainment, Entrainment in a Mixed Layer Heated from Below, Mixed Layer Cooled from Above, Mixed layer budgets.
Large Scale Air-Sea Interaction: Ocean – Atmosphere interaction in tropics, Characteristics of ENSO, ENSO and Air – Sea coupling ENSO and the Indian Monsoon, Warm Pool in Indian and Pacific Oceans.

This course introduces the basic concepts of the air sea interaction, ocean circulation, surface fluxes, energy budgets, transfer of heat, and gases across the interface. This course also offers great details in tropical oceanography, monsoons, tropical cyclones, depressions, tropical cyclogenesis, and its interactions between tropical cyclones and Upper Ocean.

Course will enable the knowledge on microscale, mesoscale and large scale ocean and atmosphere interaction processes.

Csanady G.T, Air-Sea Interaction: Laws and Mechanisms, Cambridge University Press

Toba Y, Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions, Springer

Pedlosky J, Waves in the Ocean and Atmosphere: Introduction to Wave Dynamics, Springer

Gill A.E, Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics, Academic Press