Syllabus

Module I: Introduction to Rock Engineering Basics (6 hours)
Rocks and rock masses, Physical and mechanical properties, classification and failure criteria, Underground excavations, Ground conditions, Planning and exploration for various underground construction projects, Stereographic projection method, Principle and application in underground excavation design.

Module II: Stress distribution of tunnels (8 hours)
In-situ stress, Elastic stress distribution around tunnels, Stress distribution for different shapes and under different in-situ stress conditions, Greenspan method, design principles, multiple openings, openings in laminated rocks, elasto-plastic analysis of tunnels.

Module III: Analysis of underground openings (8 hours)
Application of rock mass classification systems, Ground conditions in tunneling, Analysis of underground openings in squeezing and swelling ground, Empirical methods, Estimation of elastic modulus and modulus of deformation of rocks, Uniaxial jacking /plate jacking tests, Radial jacking and Goodman jacking tests, Long term behavior of tunnels and caverns, New Austrian tunneling Method (NATM), Norwegian Tunnelling Method (NMT).

Module IV: Design of support systems (8 hours)
Rock mass-tunnel support interaction analysis, Ground response, Support reaction curves, Ladanyi's elasto-plastic analysis of tunnels, Design of various support systems including concrete and shotcrete linings, steel sets, rock bolting, and rock anchoring, Combined support systems, Estimation of the load-carrying capacity of rock bolts, permeability, and grouting.

Module V: Instrumentation and monitoring of underground excavations (6 hours)
In-situ stress, flat jack, hydraulic fracturing, single and multi-point borehole extensometers, load cells, pressure cells, During and after construction, various case studies.

To impart knowledge regarding the basics of rock engineering, including rock properties, classification, and underground excavation design.

To impart knowledge regarding analyzing stress distribution around tunnels using elastic and elastoplastic methods and design principles.

To impart knowledge regarding evaluation of underground openings through rock mass classification and empirical methods, considering long-term behavior.

To impart knowledge regarding the design and analysis of support systems for tunnels, including concrete linings, rock bolting, and combined support systems.

CO1: The students will be able to understand the need and importance of underground space technology.
CO2: The students will be able to understand the hazards of underground excavations and environmental problems.
CO3: The students will be able to understand the applicability of various types of underground excavating machines and drilling patterns.
CO4: The students can select and design the underground support for different mining conditions.
CO5: The students will be able to understand the instrumentation and monitoring of underground excavations.

R.E. Goodman, Introduction to Rock Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons

E. Hoek, and E.T. Brown, Underground Excavations, Spon Press

L. Obert, and W.I. Duvall, Rock Mechanics and Design of Structures in Rocks, John Wiley

B. Singh, and R.K. Goel, Tunneling in Weak Rocks, Elsevier