Syllabus

In-situ measurements: Atmospheric temperature measurement - Liquid in glass and electrical resistance thermometer Atmospheric pressure measurement - kewpattern barometer, corrections of mercury barometer reading and aneroid barometer Humidity measurement - psychrometer, dew point hygrometer, electrical resistive hygrometer Wind measurement -wind vane, cup anemometer, sonic anemometer Rainfall measurement -non recording rain gauges, tipping bucket gauge, optical rain gauge Radiation measurement -Pyrheliometer, Pyranometer, net radiometer Atmospheric profiling - radio sonde, upper air wind - GPS system, pilot balloon observations.
Ground based remote sensing: Lidar, radar Principles of radar, weather radar, precipitation estimation, radar equation for precipitation targets, Doppler radar-velocities measurements.
Ocean observations: method of observation of atmospheric pressure, air temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation, salinity and sea surface temperature on board ships In-situ measurements research ships, merchant ships, surface drifters, subsurface floats, fixed moorings, coastal stations, and gliders Remote sensing observations.

Students should have an advanced knowledge of terminology, theories and observational techniques covering physical processes and phenomena typical of the atmospheric boundary layer.

Students should be able to describe and identify the challenges of taking meteorological measurements and applying numerical models in the Atmosphere and knowledge of how the boundary layer differs at different places.

Thomas P. DeFelice, An introduction to meteorological instrumentation and measurement, Prentice Hall , 1997

Z. Sorbjan, Hands on meteorology, American Meteorological Society , 1996

World Meteorological Organization, (No-8): Guide to meteorological and oceanographic instruments,, WMO , 2010

Critchfield H. J, General Climatology, PHI Learning Pvt Ltd , 2013