Syllabus

Different methods and approaches in modelling Diagnostic and Prognostic models Lagrangian and Eularian approaches Primitive equation models Model dimension and coordinates Model domain Temporal and Spatial scales Model initialisation and spin-up Model forcing and boundary conditions.
General circulation and climate modeling: Energy balance models- their structure zero dimensional energy balance models one dimensional energy balance models
General circulation of atmosphere: Maintenance of the mean circulation of kinetic energy balance of the atmosphere Angular momentum consideration Absolute Vorticity consideration.
Two dimensional models: Zonally averaged climate models – spatial and temporal structure statistical and dynamical climate models representation of convection, cloud cover, precipitation, radiation and surface characteristics in 2D models.
Three dimensional atmospheric general circulation models: the structure of general circulation climate models Numerical information – Grid point general circulation models Phillips experiment. Spectral general circulation models - Spectral method Triangular and rhomboidal truncation, spectral Transform method Regional climate models – Formulation, boundary conditions and specific applications.
Role of the ocean in climate modelling Inter annual variability of Ocean fields and its relationship with monsoon Concepts of Ocean-Atmosphere coupled models Earth system models

Educate students for concept of climate and role of different physics and dynamics for climate forecast.

Numerical techniques and methods of solving equations are also discussed.

Understanding and solving the basic equations. Students are trained for different energy balance models and 3D climate models, etc. Methods to know model bias and skill are discussed.

Washington W.M. and C.L. Parkinson, Introduction to three dimensional general circulation models, University Science Books , Second edition, 2005

McGuffie K. and A.H. Sellers, The Climate Modelling Primer, Wiley-Blackwell , Fourth edition, 2014

Holton J. R. and G. J. Hakim, An Introduction to Dynamical Meteorology, Academic Press (ELSEVIER) , Fifth Edition, 2013

Lynch A. H. and and J. J. Cassano, Applied Atmospheric Dynamics, John Wiley and Sons Ltd. , 2005