Syllabus

Module 1:
Dynamics: Scales of motion, introduction to non-dimensional numbers. Stability of fluid column: vertical acceleration in fluids and criteria for static stability, double diffusion and dynamic stability. The equation of motion in oceanography: obtaining solutions to the equations, including boundary conditions, the derivation of the terms in the equation of motion, and coordinate systems. The equation of continuity of volume: the concept of continuity of volume, the derivation of the equation of continuity of volume, an application of the equation of continuity [8 Hrs]
Module 2:
The non-linear terms in the equation of motion, scaling and the Reynolds Number, Reynolds stresses, equations for the mean or average flow, Reynolds stresses and eddy viscosity, scaling the equations of motion Rossby number, Ekman number, effects of rotation. Oceanic mesoscale eddies, formation of sub-tropical gyres, equatorial current systems, monsoonal winds and currents over the North Indian Ocean Somali current Southern Ocean - Swells. [8 Hrs]
Module 3:
Currents without friction geostrophic flow: hydrostatic equilibrium, inertial motion, geopotential, geopotential surfaces and isobaric surfaces, the geostrophic equation, the geostrophic method for calculating relative velocities, an alternative derivation of the geostrophic equation, the thermal wind equations, relations between isobaric and level surfaces, comments on geostrophic currents. [8 Hrs]
Module 4:
Currents with friction wind-driven circulation: Nansen's qualitative argument, the equation of motion with friction included, Ekman's solution to the equation of motion with friction present, comments on the experimental observations used by Ekman, transport and upwelling—the effect of boundaries, upwelling and downwelling away from boundaries, bottom friction and shallow water effects, limitations of the Ekman theory, Sverdrup's solution for the wind-driven circulation, application of the Sverdrup equations, the mass transport stream function. Westward intensification—Stommel's contribution, the planetary wind field and the drag coefficient CD, Munk's solution, comments on Munk's solution. Vorticity: relative, planetary, absolute and potential. The westward intensification of ocean currents is explained by the conservation of vorticity. [12 Hrs]

To introduce the dynamics of Ocethe an as it relates to oceanic flows.

The focus of the course is understanding the basic concepts in fluid dynamics, such as dynamical components of the equations of motion and Lagrangian vs. Eulerian motion

To understand the importance of friction and without friction in ocean circulation

To understand the ocean circulation concerning Ekman and Sverdrup transport
To evaluate the westward intensification of ocean currents with vorticity dynamics

CO1: Insights into the basic ocean dynamics and importance of non-dimensional numbers
CO2: Familiarize with the application of governing equations to oceanic flows
CO3: Understanding the dynamics of geostrophic currents and its estimation
CO4: Attain a clear understanding of the dynamics of wind-driven ocean circulation
CO5: To apply the knowledge of ocean dynamics to understand the westward intensification of currents

Pond S. and G. L. Pickard, Introductory dynamical oceanography, Butterworth-Heinemann

Fomin L. M, Dynamic method in oceanography, Elsevier publication co

Reddy M. P. M, Descriptive Physical Oceanography, Oxford and IBH Publishing Company

Stewart RH, Introduction to Physical Oceanography, Orange Grove Texts