Syllabus

Module 1:
Atmospheric Observations Basic observational methods and observational standards Upper air observations Surface synoptic observations, Surface and upper air weather data transmission-Code for inland, coastal and ship stations Observations and codes, Weather Radars and Satellites Synoptic charts Analysis [Duration: 7 hours]

Module 2:
Kinematic of Pressure and wind fields Kinematics of the pressure field: Characteristic curves – General expressions for their velocity and acceleration – Movement of troughs, ridges and pressure centres, Intensification and Weakening, deepening and Filling of surface pressure systems. Kinematics of the wind field: Relation between streamlines and trajectories Trajectories in moving cyclones and anticyclones Differential properties of the wind field Application of geostrophic, gradient, thermal winds, divergence and vertical velocity computation [Duration: 7 hours]

Module 3:
Indian Monsoon Land and sea breezes Definition of monsoon Synoptic features associated with onset, withdrawal, active and break situations of southwest monsoon Rainfall distribution and rain bearing systems during summer monsoon season - monsoon depression, Mid-tropospheric cyclones and Onset vortex Northeast monsoon onset phenomenon and rainfall distribution. [Duration: 8 hours]

Module 4: Regional Circulations and monsoon, Regional Circulation systems: Jet streams - Definition and characteristics, Tropical Easterly jet, Subtropical Westerly jet, Somali jet over India [Duration: 7 hours]

Module 5: Global Perspective and Teleconnections ITCZ over Indian Ocean - Structure and movement, 30-50 day Oscillations Quasi-bi-weekly oscillation Inter-annual variability-Atmospheric-Ocean surface patterns of Southern Oscillation El-Nino, La Nina, ENSO, Indian Ocean dipole mode, Walker circulation, Hadley circulation. [Duration: 8 hours]

The main objective of the course is to provide the fundamentals of weather and climate analysis. The course introduces different observations from in-situ and remote sensing approaches, advantages in weather and climate applications.

The course provides insights on how to prepare synoptic charts, their application to understand weather and climate systems, etc. It also provides the nature of pressure and wind fields.

The course discusses from the basics of global monsoons to Indian monsoons to synoptic situations of monsoons to rain-beraing systems over India during monsoon season

It also introduces different Jet streams influencing Indian summer monsoon and their rainfall patterns. It provides concepts of ITCZ, MJO, ENSO, IOD, walker circulations, Hadley circulation, etc in the context of Indian monsoon system and their role in the forecast of monsoon system.

CO1 To understand the atmospheric observations and instrumentations used
CO2 To understand the value of atmospheric observations in analysis and forecasting
CO3 Understanding weather analysis and wind circulation associated with Indian monsoon
CO4 Acquire knowledge on largescale and regional wind circulations related to Indian monsoons
CO5 Students understand the inter-annual and intra-seasonal variations of summer monsoon

Riehl H,, Tropical Meteorology,, McGraw Hill , 1954

Ramage C. S,, Monsoon Meteorology,, Academic Press , 1971

P K Das, The monsoons, National Book Trust , 1995

Critchfield H. J, , General Climatology, PHI Learning Pvt Ltd , Fourth Edition, 2013

Moran J. M, Climate studies-Introduction to climate science, American Meteorological Society , 2010

C. Ahrens, Meteorology Today: An Introduction to Weather, Climate, and the Environment, Brooks/Cole Pub Co, Edition 12, 2018