Module 1:
Ocean sciences and the scope of physical oceanography: World Ocean, origin, history of oceanography, challenges. Ocean crust and bathymetry: Layered Earth, Isostatic equilibrium, continental margins, ocean basins Sea floor spreading, convection, Paleo-magnetism, hotspots mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, transforms. (8 Hours)
Module 2:
Seawater and its properties: Temperature-Measurements, distribution Salinity pressure, depth, density Pressure effects on temperature and density T-S Diagrams water types and water masses Sound in the sea Light in the sea Colour of seawater Temperature, Salinity and density distributions Transparency of seawater. (8 Hours)
Module 3:
Waves: wave parameters, deep water waves, transformation of waves in shallow water, wave generation Wind generated waves and their characteristics Propagation, refraction and reflection of waves Wave spectrum and principles of wave forecasting. (7 Hours)
Module 4:
Tides: Types of tides, tide producing forces and their magnitudes prediction of tides by harmonic method tides and tidal currents in shallow seas, estuaries and rivers Tide producing forces, equilibrium theory and tidal currents. (7 Hours)
Module 5:
Heat budget of the oceans: Heat budget terms, Short and Long wave radiation, Evaporation, Heat conduction spatio-temporal variability of heat budget terms and net heat balance. Coastal Hazards- Storm surges and Tsunamis, Global ocean circulations: Heat transport, Coriolis Effect, atmospheric cells, upper ocean circulation, Upwelling and El Niño, Deep ocean circulation, Global warming and the ocean. (7 Hours)

To master the fundamentals of Earth and Ocean's geographical setting.
To introduce oceanic instrumentation and measurement techniques

To understand the physical properties of seawater

To provide broad concepts of ocean circulation characteristics, wind-driven waves and tides

To apprehend oceanic heat budget components and effects of global warming on oceans

CO1: Learn the physical setting of Earth's composition and internal structure and formation of Oceans
CO2: Explain the properties of ocean temperature, salinity and density and its measurements and variability.in global oceans
CO3: Attain a clear understanding of wind-driven ocean circulation and thermohaline circulation
CO4: Describe the properties of ocean waves and tides and their causes and applications
CO5: Learn various components of oceanic heat budget terms and its changes under the global warming scenario

Talley L. D., G. L. Pickard, W. J. Emery and J. H. Swift, Descriptive Physical Oceanography, Elsevier Academic Press

2. Trujillo A. P. and H. V. Thurman, Essentials of Oceanography, Prentice Hall

Neumann G, Ocean currents, Elsevier Publishing Company

Stewart RH, Introduction to Physical Oceanography, Orange Grove Texts